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Condition guide

Erectile dysfunction —

causes & treatment

Reviewed by Dr. James Mitchell, PharmD — Updated May 2025

1 in 3

Men over 40 affected

95%

Respond to PDE5 treatment

30M+

US men with ED

80%

Men over 40 affected

What is erectile dysfunction?

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection firm enough for satisfactory sexual intercourse. It affects an estimated 30 million men in the United States alone — and yet remains one of the most undertreated conditions in men’s health, largely due to embarrassment.

ED is not a life sentence. In the vast majority of cases it is entirely treatable. PDE5 inhibitors like sildenafil (the active ingredient in Cenforce and Viagra®) are effective in over 90% of men with ED, often producing noticeable improvement from the first dose.

Common causes of ED

ED has physical causes in about 80% of cases, psychological causes in roughly 10%, and a combination of both in the remaining 10%.

Physical causes

Psychological causes

Treatment options

Sildenafil (Cenforce)

Most prescribed first-line treatment. Works in 30–60 min. Effective in 90%+ of cases. From $80.

Tadalafil (generic Cialis)

Longer-acting alternative. Lasts up to 36 hours. Available as a daily dose option.

Lifestyle changes

Exercise, weight loss, stopping smoking and reducing alcohol can significantly improve ED.

Psychological support

For psychologically-driven ED, therapy is often more effective than medication alone.

Dr. James Mitchell, PharmD, MBA

Lead Pharmacist · Reviewed May 2025

ED is almost always treatable. Sildenafil is where I'd start for most men — it's the most studied oral ED drug in the world, extremely affordable in generic form, and works for the vast majority of patients. Don't wait years to address this. It's one of the most responsive conditions in men's health to appropriate treatment.

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